List instanceIDs

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --output text --query "Reservations[].Instances[].InstanceId"

List Architectures

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --output text --query "Reservations[].Instances[].Architecture"

Search instances with tag "Name" and value "TAG"

aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=tag:Name,Values=TAG"

Search instances with tag values containing "VALS"

aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=tag-value,Values=*VALS*"

Search instances with tag values beginning with "VALS"

aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=tag-value,Values=VALS*"

Search instances with tag keys "Name"

aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=tag-key,Values=Name"